摘  要：微流控芯片技術因其微型化、自動化、高通量、集成化、快速等優(yōu)勢使得實驗室研究產(chǎn)生革命性的變化，并在生物化學、醫(yī)學等諸多領域得到廣泛應用，但目前還沒有基于微流控芯片技術的國產(chǎn)全集成自動化DNA分析儀。該文總結微流控技術在DNA提取、PCR擴增、電泳分離等DNA檢驗流程方面的研究現(xiàn)狀與進展，尤其是在法醫(yī)DNA快速檢驗方面的研究進展，同時介紹國內(nèi)外全集成式DNA分析的研究狀況。全集成與功能化是目前微流控技術研究的主流方向。未來，以微流控芯片為主導的全自動、便攜式、集成化的DNA分析系統(tǒng)，將使得法醫(yī)DNA檢驗從實驗室走進案件現(xiàn)場甚至日常生活，實現(xiàn)真正的快速即時檢驗。
關鍵詞：微流控芯片技術；DNA快速檢驗；綜述；全集成
文獻標志碼：A       文章編號：1674-5124（2016）01-0053-08
Application of microfluidics technology in DNA rapid testing of forensic science
HAN Junping1， SUN Jing2，3， OU Yuan2，3， YE Jian2，3， LIU Yao1，2，3，  LI Caixia2，3
（1. People’s Public Security University of China，Beijing 100038，China；
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination，Institute of Forensic Science，
Beijing 100038，China；
3. Key Laboratory of Forensic Genetics，Institute of Forensic Science，Ministry of Public Security，
Beijing 100038，China）
Abstract: Miniature， automatic and integrated with high throughput and rapid analysis， the microfluidic chip technology has brought revolutionary changes in laboratory experimentation in recent years and has been widely used in many research-based field， such as biochemistry and medicine. However， microfluidics is not yet introduced into home-made totally-integrated automation DNA analyzers. This paper has summarized the applications of microfluidics in DNA rapid testing， including DNA extraction， PCR amplification and electrophoresis separation， especially the advance of forensic DNA rapid detection. In addition， it also discussed the research state of the totally-integrated DNA analysis at home and abroad. Currently， full integration and versatility are the mainstream direction of microfluidic technology research. With the help of this system， rapid and real-time forensic DNA testing will not only be conducted in laboratories， but also at crime scenes and even in everyday lives.
Keywords: microfluidic chip technology； DNA rapid testing； summary； full integration